Month: March 2021

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Don’t Fool Yourself- These Side Effects Can Be Harmful For Your Pets

While deciding to give a pet medication, we often determine if the benefits outweigh the risks. Why do we do that? Because even if we tend to focus on the good that medications can do, the fact is that every medication might cause unwanted side effects as well. Having an insight into the possible side effects of such pet medications and what to do if they develop is simply a concern of a responsible pet parent.

Dr. Sakshi Sharma, MVSc. J&K

Some common side effects of pet’s medication that seem to be common but are of immense concern could be:

1. Vomiting and Diarrhoea

may medications are given to pets by oral route and are absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, possible side effects like vomiting, diarrhea, and poor appetite are quite common. Any oral medication might upset the stomach with moderate to extreme discomfort to the pet. This quite often resolves over a period of time as the body adjusts to the medication or if the drug follows the meal, but sometimes more serious symptoms develop too.

An example of this is antibiotics. Antibiotics are notorious for causing gastrointestinal signs, diarrhea in particular, because they can also kill the helpful bacterial population in the gut that is essential for normal digestion.

2. Stomach Ulcers

Steroidal drugs like prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, etc., and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, NSAIDs like carprofen, deracoxib, and firocoxib are known to increase a pet’s risk of developing digestive tract ulcers which can lead to vomiting or diarrhea that may contain blood. These medications, when given together, increase the risk of developing life-threatening stomach ulcers. Medications that decrease the production of stomach acid and protect the mucosa of the digestive tract can help heal and prevent ulcers.

3. Nodules and Lumps

Skin involvement is also a huge side effect of medications especially given by injections. In some cases, the relationship is obvious. For example, if a drug is given by injection, it is not unusual for a small bump to develop under the skin. These bumps usually disappear over the course of a few days to weeks. However, sometimes the bumps don’t go away and cause serious affections further like allergies, wounds, or granuloma formation, which are highly discomforting to the pet and pose them to infections.

4. Skin reactions

Topically applied skin medications (e.g., flea and tick repellents and other ectoparasitic spot-on products) will sometimes irritate the skin and cause hair loss, rashes, redness, flaking, and often itching. Usually, cleaning and washing the affected area with mild soap and cool water and sometimes is all that is needed for the skin to return to normal. However, in the future, avoid using the product that caused the reaction.

Possibility of other rare skin infections is also possible. For example, allergic drug reactions may cause a pet to develop hypersensitivity or hives. A variety of drugs can also cause toxic epidermal necrosis, which is characterized by skin reddening and blistering.

5. Liver or Kidney Damage

All medications eventually need to be metabolized and excreted from the body. The liver and kidneys are the sole organs responsible for this job, and they may be damaged in the metabolization and excretion of harmful metabolite products. Symptoms like increased thirst and urination, panting, anemia, refusal to eat, vomiting, diarrhea, lassitude, and lethargy are commonly seen when a pet develops a medication side effect involving the liver or kidneys.

Unfortunately, there are some side effects that are idiosyncratic, which means that their occurrence is not quite often, and it’s impossible to determine beforehand which individuals are at risk. Such an example is the relationship between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and intense liver failure in dogs. Millions of dogs take these medications every year and experience no side effects, but a few do face potentially fatal liver damage. Grossly, the benefits of NSAIDs outweigh the risks, but this is definitely not the case for the unfortunate dogs who suffer the impact of this rare side effect.

6. Anaphylaxis and Hypersensitivity

Certainly, the scariest and most fatal side effect of drugs that a pet parent can witness is anaphylaxis. It is a potentially fatal type of allergic reaction. The symptoms of anaphylaxis start to show up after a pet has been exposed to a drug at least a couple of times. The reaction occurs quickly, often within a span of a few minutes to half an hour or so after the pet has been given the drug. Symptoms include difficulty in respire, pale or blue-tinged mucous membranes, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, and collapse. Rapid supportive treatment includes intravenous fluids and injections of epinephrine, steroids, and diphenhydramine which are essential to be given in fractions of seconds if a pet has to be saved.

7. Lethargy, Lassitude, Weakness, and More

These are general manifestations of numerous medications. Many medications that pets are given have an effect on the brain. Sometimes these are expected outcomes of sedatives and anti-anxiety medications, but at other times it is an unwanted side effects. For example, opioids like morphine, butorphanol, buprenorphine, fentanyl, and tramadol can cause lethargy or even dysphoria. So the pet feels abnormal sensations leading to a state of unease. Certainly, these symptoms vanish over the course of a few days to a week or so as the body gets used to the medication. The commonly prescribed gut-acting antibiotic metronidazole also has an effect on the brain, especially when given at high doses in acute infections or in elderly patients. It can cause abnormal eye movements, weakness, unsteadiness, and seizures.

Herding dog breeds like Collies, Australian Shepherds, Shetland Sheepdogs, English Sheepdogs, and related breeds have a gene mutation that makes them especially sensitive to macrocyclic lactones like ivermectin or moxidectin, which are the most common drugs to kill parasites. Symptoms of toxicity include dilated pupils, unsteadiness, mental dullness, drooping of saliva, vomiting, blindness, tremors, seizures, shock, coma, and death. However, the dose of ivermectin or moxidectin in heartworm prophylactic medications is so low that it is safe for use almost in any breed of dog.

Preventing and Treating Pet Medication Side Effects

Discussed above are the most common and frequent side effects of the drugs. However, other less common side effects such as those involving the bone marrow and blood, reproductive system, heart, and eye are also possible. Sometimes more than one symptom or a series of symptoms can be observed in one particular individual while none in the other.

A lot can be done by the owners to protect their pets from the side effects of medications. Consulting a veterinarian before administering any kind of medication to your pet. The use of Homeopathy based medicine which involves the principle of curing ailments using ingredients from nature, can also be a great alternative to protecting your pet from these kinds of side effects. Homeopathic medicine for cats and dogs is a complete treatment approach using natural substances to stimulate the body’s natural healing and defense processes. Similar to human homeopathy, veterinary homeopathy can be used to treat a wide variety of conditions, from allergies to diarrhea. Homeopathy concentrates on taking care of the whole animal with methods that are specific, gentle, and parallel to the body’s needs. It is based on the utilization of specially prepared, refined dilutions of extracts of herbs, minerals elements, and other natural substances and is a great alternative treatment option for pets.

Having better know-how of the medications prescribed by the veterinarian helps to respond during emergency conditions. And finally, never change the dosage or dosing schedule of your pet’s medications on your own without first talking to your vet. Giving your pet too little or too much of a drug can be equally dangerous.

Homeopathic Solution For All Skin Issues in Dogs and Cats

Dermisule homeopathic remedy for skin infection in dogs and cats

DERMISULE For All Kinds of Skin Issues in Pets:

DERMISULE for pets is the best remedy for dogs suffering from different skin conditions like eczema, allergies, rashes, lesions with hair loss, redness, dry, scaly, pus, or bloody discharge. Specific or general lesions or spots as in Mange disease can also be improved.
 
Me & My SKIN & COAT Pet Supplement for skin infection in pets

ME and MY SKIN AND COAT Homeopathic Supplement

Me & My SKIN & COAT Pet Supplement is a peerless medicine for our pet’s skin and coat. It helps reattain natural skin and coat after injuries, chaps, cracks, scaly eruptions, or any acute skin lesion in pets. It is highly recommended to treat hair fall for any reason.
Me & My IMMUNITY Pet Supplement for boosting immunity

ME and MY IMMUNITY Homeopathic Supplement

Me & My IMMUNITY Pet Supplement is a unique formula of valuable supplements for Dogs & Cats which help in maintaining and raising the IMMUNITY of your lovable pets. It is made for weak and old pets as it improves immunity, helps better utilization of food, and allay minor ailments or complaints of non-specific nature. It also gives strength to the body’s mechanism for fighting against germs of all kinds.

Stressza Homeopathic medicine for stress & anxiety in dogs and cats

 

STRESSZA FOR PETS STRESS AND ANXIETY

STRESSZA for pets is an excellent remedy for treating Anxiety, Stress, and Canine Distemper. When your fur baby is unanimously scratching, barking, hiding behind, feeling anxious, eating nothing, even sometimes behaving wild or attacking unknowingly, etc. these all symptoms may be due to Anxiety and Stress or due to various causes of Canine Distemper. We have the best solution to all your problems, We have STRESSZA is a unique homeopathic veterinary formulation to relieve stress in pets.

Stressza for pets works for Stress due to Traveling, Crackers in Festive Season, Fighting with stray dogs, Home alone, Visiting Hospital for Vaccination, etc.

ME & MY VITALITY SUPPLEMENT FOR STRESS & ANXIETY

This is a unique supplement for pets experiencing extreme lassitude (inactiveness), depression, nervousness, irritability, hysterical behavior, night terror, insomnia, and other related symptoms.
 

GOHEAL SPRAY FOR Injury, FMD, and Burns 

GOHEAL SPRAY is the best Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine for external use only to treat animal wounds caused due to any injury, FMD, burns, etc. It can also be used for mouth ulcers and cuts or burns on sensitive parts of the body. GOHEAL SPRAY works very fast to stop bleeding and start healing immediately.
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A Battle Against Coughing Clouds – Homeopathy For Pets

We’ve all been there, where we forget what we were doing to focus on the sneeze which is on its way out! Coughing and sneezing are very natural mechanisms to get the irritant out of our respiratory system. In fact, our dear pets too face the coughing and sneezing dilemma! The occasional cough in an otherwise healthy dog is usually nothing serious. But just like us, when a dog’s coughing becomes a constant or recurrent problem it can be a sign of serious illness.

But what exactly happens during coughing? What is happening? Why is my pet coughing? If you have such questions, read more below about Coughing:

WHAT IS COUGHING?

A cough, also medically termed as ‘tussis’, is a voluntary or involuntary act that clears the throat and respiratory or the breathing passage of foreign agents such as microbes, pollutants, irritants, fluids, and mucus.

It is a rapid expulsion of air from the lungs, as a reflex action or deliberate action.

WHY IS MY PET COUGHING?

There are many reasons for the coughing mechanism

Let’s classify them for the sake of easy understanding broadly into –

Extra- Respiratory Causes and Respiratory Causes 

Let’s begin by discovering the extra-respiratory causes

What is mastitis?

Mastitis refers to the inflammation of milk-secreting tissues or simply the mammary gland. Mastitis occurs when white blood cells (leukocytes) are released into the mammary gland, usually in response to bacteria invading the teat canal or occasionally by chemical, mechanical, or thermal trauma on the udder. Milk-secreting tissue and various ducts throughout the mammary gland are damaged due to toxins released by the bacteria resulting in reduced milk yield and quality.

How to identify mastitis?

This disease can be identified by abnormalities in the udder such as swelling, heat, redness, hardness, or pain (if it is clinical). Other indications of mastitis may be abnormalities in milk such as a watery appearance, flakes, or clots. When infected with sub-clinical mastitis, a cow does not show any visible signs of infection or abnormalities in milk or on the udder.

EXTRA RESPIRATORY CAUSES OF COUGH

Extra Respiratory essentially means the causes lie apart from the respiratory system. That is, the cause of coughing is not the lungs but something apart from the respiratory system is causing coughing.

1. THROAT CLEARANCE

Coughing is the main standard method of clearing the throat and trachea. What exactly happens is whenever your pet’s airways become clogged with mucus or foreign particles such as smoke or dust, the body tries to remove it as quickly as possible through coughing. It is a reflex reaction that attempts to clear the particles from the tract to make breathing easier.

Usually, this type of coughing is relatively infrequent, however, coughing might continue to increase if the exposure to irritants such as smoke/dust is not removed at the earliest.

It could be noticed that pets, whose owners are chronic cigarette smokers, can also end up coughing.

2. ASTHMA

One of the causes of coughing could be asthma. Typically, asthmatic coughing involves wheezing, which makes it easy to identify. Dog asthma is an allergic disease. There is some trigger that initiates the ‘Anti-Foreign Body Mechanism’ inside the body. Asthma attacks in dogs are caused by an allergic reaction and often result in airway inflammation. It causes constriction and spasms of the small airways in the lungs. Asthma is usually seen in middle-aged dogs and some young dogs.

However, it’s not a frequent cause of coughing but it’s always better to get your pets diagnosed by a trained veterinarian who will suggest you the line of treatment for the same.

3. MEDICATION

Some medications can cause coughing, although even this is generally a rare side effect. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors [used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions] can cause coughing.

However, the coughing stops when the medication is discontinued.

4. MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS

Other conditions that may cause a cough include:

a) Damage to the vocal cords

b) Postnasal drip

c) Serious and life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary embolism or Congestive heart Failure.

Tip – A persistent cough during the evening or night hours indicates heart problems so it’s best to get your pet diagnosed at the earliest for any doubts about the cause of coughing/wheezing.

Now that we have discovered the non-respiratory causes, let’s now focus on the Respiratory Causes of coughing.

RESPIRATORY CAUSES

Respiratory Causes of coughing basically involve pathogens that cause irritation in the tract as well as disease progression.

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites can all infect a dog’s upper respiratory tract, lung tissues, airways, or both airways as well as lung tissues thus, causing the dogs to cough.

Sometimes dogs get bronchitis or pneumonia due to these bacteria (eg Mycobacterium), Viruses (eg Influenza Virus) and Fungi (eg Aspergillus). Other causes could be because they have inhaled some allergens such as dirt, grass seeds, or food, which can lead to an infection of the airways. In certain rare cases, lung cancer is the diagnosis. However, Your vet will help you to decide the best possible way out by diagnosing the conditions properly. Other major causes of coughing include Distemper Virus and Kennel cough : [Kennel cough is the common name for a honking type canine cough].

WHAT SIGNS SHOULD I LOOK OUT FOR?

Coughing could be because of the influenza virus causing normal seasonal flu to life-threatening conditions such as CHF or Allergic reaction. It’s best to get your pet diagnosed at the earliest to avoid any future obstacles in the recovery phase.

Keep an eye on –

  • The period of coughing. i.e. whether the cough lasts for a few hours or more than a few days, or worsens as time passes by.
  • Behavioral Aspects- If your pet is depressed or seems extra tired
  • The rise in temperature – Keep an eye on whether they have a fever
  • Anorexia – If your pet has developed anorexia i.e they won’t eat.
  • Concurrent Health Problems- if your pet has some underlying non-diagnosed health problems it could take a toll on your pet’s health adversely.

HOW TO DIAGNOSE?

The Diagnosis is generally based on the type of cough, its consistency of it and the time period

If the cough lasts only for a few hours and subsides, then it’s an acute cough

If it lasts for more than a few weeks it may be a chronic cough due to some health issues.

Your veterinarian will diagnose your pet on the basis of some tests

1. BLOOD PANEL

Your Vet may suggest a routine blood checkup to rule out or rule in Infections.

A complete blood count test (CBC) gives a clear picture regarding the blood cells and whether there’s an Infection going on in the body

2. X-RAY

X-Ray is an extremely handy diagnostic tool as it can check the lung patterns and even the heart for any lesion which may cause coughing in your pets

3. History

Based on the history of signs and symptoms that your pet may be exhibiting, a good diagnosis can be made. Diagnosis is based partly on history as well! Hence it’s essential that you give the proper and complete history of the signs that your pet exhibits.

Ie. If with coughing you notice any other signs and symptoms and if there are any other concerns, which you may have, they should be promptly expressed to your Vet.

TREATMENT PROTOCOL

Treatment is based on diagnosing, thus diagnosis is key.

If your pet has coughing due to Respiratory causes your Vet may suggest antibiotics, fluids, and other such medicines for your pet.

In cases of other reasons such as allergies, the coughing generally subsides when the causative irritant is removed (like pollen/cigarette or vehicle smoke, etc)

On the other hand, for coughing caused due to heart problems, the treatment protocol is totally different and focuses primarily on resolving the heart disease to subsequently resolve the coughing problem.

Homeopathic Treatment for coughing –

The discomfort of the dog and the helplessness of the pet owners can be addressed with WHEEZ-GO for PET, a Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine to treat Cough & Flu-related symptoms for any reason. WHEEZ-GO for PET, A Unique formulation for respiratory disorders in pets. It is based on homeopathic principles ie. ” Similia similibus curanter” Likes to be treated by likes hence one could easily understand that the following symptoms of different medicine when available in a case can be cured by these medicines.

Dosage: 20 drops three times a day or as directed by the doctor.

 Coughing is a normal phenomenon we observe in our day-to-day lives and thus it’s a manageable condition!

However, the root cause should be discovered as quickly as possible to prevent any delays in the recovery period. Thus, along with the conventional treatment as suggested by your vet, WHEEZ GO for pets is a homeopathic drug for coughing due to causes such as influenza or respiratory disorders.

So,

If your dog has a cough due to the flu and is feeling a bit low, check out our amazing product WHEEZ GO!

HOMEOPATHIC SOLUTION FOR COUGH & COLD IN PETS

WHEEZ-GO FOR COUGH AND COLD ISSUES

All Pets will naturally cough from time to time. A persistent cough however can be a symptom of a more serious underlying illness or medical condition. Pets are social creatures that naturally sniff and slurp. This is why bacteria and viruses –including a canine form of the flu — quickly spread from dog to dog. Germs also can land on Doors, furniture, food bowls, toys, and other surfaces where the next dog to come along picks them up. The discomfort of the dog and the helplessness of the pet owners can be addressed with WHEEZ-GO for PET, a Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine to treat Cough & Flu-related symptoms for any reason.

 

ME & MY COUGH & COLD HOMEOPATHIC SUPPLEMENT

Me & My COUGH & COLD Pet Supplement is very useful for pets that show symptoms of catarrhal cough, cold, headache, sneezing with a running nose, inflammation of the mucous membrane, pain in the chest, and bronchitis with or without rattling sound.
 
Dermisule homeopathic remedy for skin infection in dogs and cats

DERMISULE For All Kinds of Skin Issues

DERMISULE for pets is the best remedy for dogs suffering from different skin conditions like eczema, allergies, rashes, lesions with hair loss, redness, dry, scaly, pus, or bloody discharge. Specific or general lesions or spots as in Mange disease can also be improved.
 

ME & MY IMMUNITY, IMMUNITY BOOSTER SUPPLEMENT

 Me & My IMMUNITY Pet Supplement is a unique formula of valuable supplements for Dogs & Cats that help in maintaining and raising the IMMUNITY of your lovable pets. It is made for weak and old pets as it improves immunity, helps better utilization of food, and allay minor ailments or complaints of a non-specific nature. It also gives strength to the body’s mechanism for fighting against germs of all kinds.
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Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine For Infertility Among Dairy Cattle

Infertility in general means a degree of reduced /delayed/ irregular desire or ability to mate, the capacity to conceive and to nourish an embryo, and finally, the power to expel a normal foetus and foetal membranes at the time of parturition.

Dr. Sakshi Sharma, MVSc

In the normal reproductive process, the animal has to undergo various aspects-

  • Functional ovaries
  • Development and maturation of follicles
  • Displaying estrusbehavior
  • Fertile coitus
  • Timely ovulation
  • The arrest of ova with fimbria of the oviduct
  • Successful conception
  • Tubal journey of zygote
  • Implantation of embryo
  • Development of embryo
  • Development of embryo, fetus and its membranes
  • Successful birth at full term with intact membranes
  • Resumption of cyclicity and restoration of uterine function after parturition.

Any disturbance due to management or disease or the genetic make-up at any stage of these steps may cause infertility.

Forms of infertility in cattle

  1. A) Anatomical

    Congenital and Acquired

  2. B) Functional

     Anestrus, Cystic Ovarian Degeneration, Repeat Breeding Syndrome

  3. C) Infectious

     Specific and Non-specific

  4. D) Managemental

    Nutrition, Poor Heat Detection, Wrong time/ Faulty Insemination

Anatomical form of infertility

A) Congenital Anomalies

Congenital lesions of the ovaries are rare.

Ovarian agenesis-

It is a rare hereditary condition in which one or both ovaries are absent, and the animal has a poorly developed genital tract. The cyclic behavior of the animal is absent due to a lack of reproductive hormones.

Ovarian Hypoplasia-

In this condition, one or both ovaries are small, narrow, spindle-shaped rather than oval and functionless. No cyclicity occurs if both ovaries are involved. This condition arises due to autosomal recessive genes with incomplete penetrance and is usually associated with the white coat color.

Intersexuality (Hermaphrodite)-

In this condition, the animal’s phenotypic sex does not correspond with the gonadal sex or chromosomal sex. The sexuality of the animal is confused by the presence of anatomical structures in both sexes.

A true hermaphrodite has both male and female gonads, which may be either separate or combined as ovotestis. It has been found in horses, goats, cows, and pigs. But it is more common in pigs and goats than in other species.

In a pseudohermaphrodite gonad of one sex, i.e., testes or ovaries are present, but the remaining part of the reproductive system has parts representing both sexes. It has been observed in pigs, goats, and dogs.

Freemartin-

It is distinct from intersexuality. The condition occurs in the female member of the heterosexual twin in which the allanto- chorionic membranes of the twins fuse early during embryonic development as early as 30 days, prior to the development of reproductive organs. This fusion allows the exchange of blood between the twins. It is noted in cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs but not in horses, dogs, and cats.

Characteristics of Freemartin-

  • The freemartin is sterile.
  • Gonads vary widely in appearance.
  • Normal to abnormal ovaries.
  • Defective development of the genital tract.
  • The clitoris may be enlarged, and a tuft of hair at the vulva is more prominent.
  • The mammary gland remains rudimentary and can be distinguished from normal by 1-2 months.

Segmental aplasia of Mullerian duct/ White heifer disease-

This defect leads to various anomalies in the vagina, cervix, and uterus. It can be sub-fertile or sterile. The ovaries develop normally. Consequently, the animal shows cyclicity. There is a significant level of secretory activity of tubular parts, but due to obstruction, these secretions distend the lumen of the reproductive tract. This defect is associated with a single recessive sex-limited gene with linkage to white coat color and is commonly found in white shorthorn heifers.

Parovarian Cysts-

Around 1 cm in diameter and adjacent to the ovary in the mesosalpinx and may press the lumen of the oviduct.

Atresia of the vulva-

The vulva is abnormally small and results in dystocia, and requires episiotomy at the time of delivery of the foetus.

Cysts of Gartner’s duct-

These ducts are two in number in cows and located beneath the mucosa of the floor of the vagina. These are usually difficult to detect. Cystic distension of these ducts may occur due to high levels of estrogen. These cysts may be as big as 5-6 cm in diameter. It rarely causes infertility and can be removed by ablation.

B) Acquired Infertility

Ovaro- bursal adhesions-

Adhesions between ovaries and bursa are commonly observed in cattle and buffaloes. It may vary from partial, which does not involve fallopian tubes, to complete, which involves ovaries, bursa, and fallopian tubes. Fibrous strands of varying thickness extend from the bursa to the ovary. This condition may be unilateral or bilateral. The ovulation is hampered if the ovary completely adheres to the bursa. It may cause obstruction of the fallopian tube leading to the accumulation of secretion, distension, and thinning of walls. Secondary infections may cause the accumulation of pus.

The functional form of infertility

It usually affects individual animals in a herd. But in the aggregate, it constitutes an important cause of infertility. It is related to hormonal disturbance influenced by heredity, diseases, nutrition, or stress. When this form of infertility affects a large number of animals in a herd, they frequently reflect some other problem, especially nutrition.

The functional form of infertility includes problems like anestrus, sub estrus/ silent heat, ovulatory defects like delayed ovulation, anovulation, and cystic ovarian degeneration ( COD). COD is reported to be the most common cause of infertility, followed by sub estrus, anestrus, and anovulation/ delayed ovulation.

A) Anestrus

 True anestrus-

In this condition, the ovaries are quiescent with the absence of cyclic activity. The reason for the failure of normal activity is insufficient release or production of reproductive hormones to cause follicular development.

Pathological anestrus-

It is due to persistent corpus luteum (CL) because of a defect in the uterus. If damage to the endometrium occurs, synthesis of PGF2 alpha is blocked, and CL lysis does not occur, leading to anestrus. The possible conditions, in this case, could be –

  • Pyometra
  • mummifcitaion of foetus
  • maceration of foetus
  • hydrometra
  • mucometra
  • aplasia of endometrial gland
  • uterus unicornis.

Silent heat-

It occurs more frequently between 60 days or more after calving. Occasionally after partition, a silent heat may follow a normal estrus. The animal may not show heat signs, but on close observation, heat signs could be noticed. On rectal examination, the cow shows evidence of having ovulated by the presence of a normal corpus luteum, or occasionally the cow may be in estrum or have just ovulated. So, the animal should be closely observed twice a day for 20-3- minutes or teased by the bull.

B) Ovulatory defects

These defects cause problems in normal ovulation. Ovulation in cows occurs 10-12 hours after the end of the behavioralestrus and 18-26 hours after the ovulatory LH peak. During estrus and after the end of estrus, several follicles undergo development but usually one, or occasionally two ovulate. The other follicles regress and degenerate. The defects related to ovulation could be-

Delayed ovulation-

As the name indicates, there is a delay in ovulation. So sperms get aged, and the animal becomes a cyclic repeat breeder. Diagnosis of this condition is difficult since it requires sequential rectal palpation of the ovaries, which might interfere with the process of ovulation and may cause a premature rupture. It has been recommended that a diagnosis can be made if the same follicle can be detected in the same ovary on two successive examinations, one at peak estrus and the other 24-36 hours later.

Anovulation-

As the name indicates, the mature follicle fails to ovulate. It can be associated with those conditions which can predispose to true anestrus. Sometimes the true anestrus is preceded by an anovulatory estrus with the follicle regressing and ova degenerating. Another reason could be the failure of regression of the mature follicle.

Cystic ovarian disease (COD)-

Ovaries are said to be cystic when they contain one or more persistent fluid-filled structures larger than a mature follicle i.e.,>2.5 mm in diameter in one or both ovaries. These cysts persist for at least 10 days. As a result, the normal cyclical activity of the cow is altered, and the animal becomes either acyclic or nymphomanic( excessive sex drive or prolonged behavioral estrus).

The incidences are more in high-yielding cows. Other reasons could be feeding of high protein diets, deficiency of vitamin A in diets, and its incidence is more common during 2nd or 3rd pregnancies.

These cysts could be luteal or follicular in origin.

Luteal cysts are thick-walled, hard inconsistency, and the affected animal shows signs of anestrus, while the follicular cysts are thin-walled soft inconsistency, and the affected cow always remains in heat.

Repeat breeding-

Repeat breeding syndrome is defined as a condition in which the cows or heifers having regular estrus cycles and appearing normal on superficial clinical examination fail to become pregnant following three or more consecutive breeding. Such a cow is called a repeat breeder cow.

It leads to a long service period and inter calving interval, which is responsible for low milk and calf production, resulting in economic loss to dairy farmers. In a repeat breeder cow, the fertilization rate and embryo survival rate are low.

Special care for repeat breeders should be taken off. The use of unsterilized types of equipment should be prohibited to lower the risk of genital infections during artificial insemination. If there is a persistent hymen membrane among heifers, it should be ruptured before inserting an insemination gun. A balanced ratio should be offered to the breedable cows. Trace minerals like copper, cobalt, and iron should be given in diet or supplementation to allow better hormone production for healthy reproduction.

Animals in heat should be inseminated with high-quality semen. Double insemination should be preferred in crossbreds. If animals are not bred at the right time, it may lead to conception failure. Inseminate indigenous cows according to the A.M.-P.M. rule i.e., if the cow comes in heat in the morning, then inseminate the cow in the evening and vice-versa.

The infectious form of infertility

A) Specific infections

It is most attributable to the presence of venereal disease caused by various bacterial, viral, or protozoal organisms, which are transmitted to the cows from the infected bulls at the time of natural service or through infectious semen at the time of artificial insemination. These include-

Trichomonas infection

Vibrio infection

Brucella infection

IBR-IPV ( infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis).

B) Non-specific infections

Catarrhal vaginitis and cervicitis –

It is characterized by the profuse non-odorous yellow mucoid discharge from the vulva. The vagina and cervix are hyperaemic and oedematous, but there are no gross pustules. The course of the disease lasts for 7 days to three months fertility and conception are lowered.

Endometritis-

A common cause of infertility in dairy animals is due to inflammation of the uterus on account of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. There is a mucopurulent discharge from the uterus, especially during the estrum; pus flakes are there. Oestral discharge is often cloudy, and milky instead of being clear and translucent.

Factors predisposing the uterus to infections are-

  • The wound on the uterus mucosa
  • Dystocia (difficulty in giving birth)
  • Abnormal parturition
  • Prolapsed of the uterus or vagina
  • Abortions
  • Retained placenta
  • Premature birth
  • Uterine inertia
  • Lack of exercise
  • Delayed uterine involution
  • Injury during AI
  • Unhygienic conditions at the time of calving

Pyometra-

It is the accumulation of pus and mucopurulent material in the uterus accompanied by retained CL resulting in failure of the estrum. The quantity of pus varies from 500ml to 10 liters. There is the failure of the oestrum in this condition. The pus from the uterus escapes into the anterior of the vagina. It is expelled when the animal lays down or while urinating, or defecating. On rectal palpation, the uterine wall is usually felt thickened, flaccid, and atonic.

Pyometra usually develops the following-

  • Dystocia
  • Retarded involution of the uterus
  • Abortion
  • Premature birth
  • Twin calving
  • Retained placenta
  • Septic metritis
  • After service from the infected bull (trichomonas)

Mucometra/ Hydrometra-

It is characterized by cystic degeneration of the endometrium and atrophy of the uterine wall with accumulation of thin mucus in the uterus from 30 ml to 5 liters. The persistent hymen may result in locking up the uterine contents. Such cows should not be bred.

Perimetritis /Parametritis-

It is characterized by adhesion between the uterus and the broad ligament to the other abdominal organs. It could be due to-

  • Very severe septic metritis
  • Perforation of the uterus due to penetration of the catheter
  • Rupture of the rectum due to rough handling
  • Extrauterine foetus (ectopic pregnancy)
  • Excessive bleeding following nucleation of CL
  • Forcible extraction of retained placenta
  • Diffused peritonitis due to traumatic reticulates.

Uterine abscesses-

They may occur as a sequella to severe metritis, after forcible extraction of retained placenta, or injury to the uterine wall due to improper penetration of the insemination catheter.

Perimetritis /Parametritis-

It is characterized by adhesion between the uterus and broad ligament to the other abdominal organs. It could be due to-

  • Very severe septic metritis
  • Perforation of the uterus due to penetration of the catheter
  • Rupture of the rectum due to rough handling
  • Extrauterine foetus (ectopic pregnancy)
  • Excessive bleeding following nucleation of CL
  • Forcible extraction of retained placenta
  • Diffused peritonitis due to traumatic reticulates.

Uterine abscesses-

They may occur as a sequella to severe metritis, after forcible extraction of retained placenta, injury to the uterine wall due to improper penetration of insemination catheter.

Treatment of infertility with Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine

The best possible homeopathic treatment for the condition of infertility among dairy animals is the use of the product Fertisule. The overall response of the product is excellent in the repeat breeding cattle, which have no apparent sign of reproductive anomalies. It triggers the endocrine secretions which regulate reproductive behavior.

Homeopathic Solutions For Cow and Buffalo

MILKOGEN-KIT for CATTLE Natural GalactagogueMILKOGEN KIT for Increasing Milk in Punganur Cow

MILKOGEN Kit is an excellent Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine used in Cows and Buffaloes to increase milk yield naturally. It is a natural replacer of oxytocin hormone without any contraindications or side effects but with a definite increase in the milk yield. It increases the milk quantity and fat percentage of the milk to the full potential of an animal.

Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine kit for fibroid of teat in cow

TEATASULE FIBRO GOLD KIT For Mastities Issue In Punganur Cow

TEATASULE FIBRO GOLD KIT is the best Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine for female animals in the case of chronic and clinical mastitis. TEATASULE FIBRO GOLD KIT is very effective in case of chronic or clinical mastitis when the udder is as hard as a stone, teats are shrunk with fibroids developed in the teats, and in teat cracks.

Marigold+ LSD-25 Kit For Lumpy Skin Diseases

Marigold+ LSD-25 Kit is For boosting immunity against LSD and other similar viral diseases. It is a Homeopathic Treatment of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in cattle with oral medicine for enhancing internal Immunity and Healing Spray for treating external wounds.

 

PYROSULE-XP for CATTLE 100ML To normalise Body Temperature

 Pyrosule-XP for High Fever in Cattle

PYROSULE-XP for CATTLE is the best Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine for Cattle that protects animals from infection. PYROSULE-XP relieves muscular and nervous pain that occurs during a fever and even decreases the severity of the fever.

FOOMASULE NO. 2 for Foot and Mouth Disease

FOOMASULE No. 2 is the best available Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine for treating FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE (FMD) in cattle. It is effective against all strains of FMD virus. It cures the lesions in the mouth within 24 hours and helps the animal in grazing.

ProlapsGo For Prolaps Problem In Cattle

PROLAPSGO for cattle is the best Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine for Pre-partum or Post-partum prolapse of the uterus in cows & buffaloes. PROLAPSGO gives fast and long-lasting relief in case of prolapse of the uterus in cows and buffaloes. It can be sprayed directly over the prolapse of the uterus and can also be administered orally.
 

R.Bloatasule-XP For Bloating Issue in Cattle

R. BLOATASULE XP is the best Homeopathic Veterinary Medicine that is helpful for the treatment of indigestion, anorexia, and liver disorders.
 

Check out: – GOHEAL SPRAY

Check out: – HEMISEPT for CATTLE – 100ML