Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral illness that affects cloven-hoofed animals like cattle. It spreads fast through contact or the air, causing fever and blisters in the mouth and on the feet. This leads to reduced milk production, weight loss, and sometimes death. Prevention involves vaccination and strict biosecurity measures to curb its spread.

Common causes of Foot & Mouth Disease in Cattle include:

  • Direct Contact

    Close contact with infected animals is a major mode of transmission. Sharing pastures, corrals, or any contact between healthy and infected animals can facilitate the spread.

  • Contaminated Items

    The virus can survive in the environment for extended periods. Objects like farming equipment, vehicles, clothing, or even food items contaminated with the virus can spread the disease if they come into contact with susceptible animals.

  • Airborne Transmission

    The virus can spread through the air, especially in areas with high animal density. Windborne transmission can carry the virus over short distances.

  • Human Transmission

    Humans can inadvertently carry the virus on their clothes, shoes, or through lack of hygiene after contact with infected animals, potentially transmitting it to other herds or locations.

Tips for Prevention of F.M.D problem in Cattle

Preventing Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle involves vaccination for immunity, strict biosecurity measures, and monitoring for signs of the disease. Prompt isolation of suspected cases and reporting to veterinary authorities are crucial to contain and prevent the spread of outbreaks.

  • Fever

    Elevated body temperature is one of the initial signs.

  • Blisters and Sores

    Painful blisters and ulcers appear on the tongue, gums, inside the cheeks, and around the hooves. These cause discomfort, drooling, and reluctance to eat.

  • Lameness

    Due to painful blisters on the feet, affected cattle may show signs of lameness, reluctance to walk, or standing on their heels to avoid putting pressure on their hooves.

  • Reduced Milk Production

    Infected dairy cattle often exhibit a significant drop in milk production.

  • Weight Loss

    Reduced appetite due to mouth lesions can lead to weight loss in affected animals.

  • Excessive Salivation

    Excessive drooling or saliva production is common due to mouth ulcers.

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